{"id":8209,"date":"2025-08-27T17:10:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T15:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.easyrfid.it\/?page_id=8209"},"modified":"2025-08-29T10:54:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T08:54:53","slug":"ble-technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.easyrfid.it\/en\/la-tecnologia-ble\/","title":{"rendered":"BLE technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8209\" class=\"elementor elementor-8209\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73e18a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73e18a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a5edd9\" data-id=\"7a5edd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e812231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e812231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is BLE, how it works and what it is for<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3bb9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd3bb9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BLE technology<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48d5737\" data-id=\"48d5737\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45972ef elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45972ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f474fe\" data-id=\"4f474fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc0473 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8dc0473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is BLE technology?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-704952d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"704952d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">Among radiofrequency technologies that revolutioned tracking and asset flow management, <strong>Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) <\/strong>is definitely worth a mention. Published ufficially in 2010 as a part of <strong>Bluetooth 4.0 by Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)<\/strong>, BLE met the needs of the market right-away: <strong>smaller but also long-running <\/strong>devices were required. In fact, classic Bluetooth is high-consuming in terms of energy, due to the continuous connection between devices.<\/p><p>Since the publication of Bluetooth 4.0 standard, the technology evolved substantially. The latest innovations are enclosed in standard Bluetooth 5.1 \/ 5.2 \/ 5.3 (the latest published in 2022), with the introduction of Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) and multi-stream connection support.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39a6751 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39a6751\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc332f5\" data-id=\"fc332f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2903a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a2903a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bluetooth vs BLE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37da2a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37da2a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\"Classic\" Bluetooth (also referred to as BR\/EDR - Basic Rate\/Enhanced Data Rate) is designed for high-speed, continuos communication of a data stream; as a consequence, its energy consumption is very high.<\/p><p class=\" translation-block\">BLE is born to be <strong>energetically efficient<\/strong>, and at the same time reliable, scalable <strong>without compromising on communication distance.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ce7e38\" data-id=\"6ce7e38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8fe79a7 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8fe79a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba4a304\" data-id=\"ba4a304\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4522812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4522812\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3efc9fa\" data-id=\"3efc9fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d3f78b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d3f78b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Data elaboration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-826e84f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"826e84f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Information about tags can be retreived with BLE: presence, distance, direction of movement. The fact that this information can be obtained is an intrinsic feature of BLE technology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9de3215\" data-id=\"9de3215\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1b7ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1b7ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Network topology<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9251b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9251b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">BR\/EDR bluetooth works with only one network topology, a <strong>point-to-point data exchange<\/strong> (1:1 device communication), while bluetooth LE also allows <strong>broadcast communication<\/strong> (one-to-many 1:m) and <strong>mesh networking<\/strong> (many-to-many m:m).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0fe314\" data-id=\"d0fe314\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c388ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c388ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Communication efficiency<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2d6f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2d6f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">While BR\/EDR bluetooth uses a continuous communication to exchange a stream of data, Bluetooth LE communicates <strong>packages of data intermittently<\/strong>, saving on power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e96db74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e96db74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"applicazioni\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67d7f66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67d7f66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95175ea\" data-id=\"95175ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-90dd927 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90dd927\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d69cd6\" data-id=\"4d69cd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c883c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8c883c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b><h2><b>How it works<\/b><\/h2><\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64df276 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64df276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">Bluetooth Low Energy is a radiofrequency technology that operates in<strong> 2.40GHz ISM <\/strong>(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band, transmitting in 2MHz intervals over 40 channels. Similarly to RFID, BLE systems consist of a device that collects data - gateway - and active tracking elements, called tags or beacons, that are associated to an asset and can have different size or shape depending on the application. Data can then be processed by a software to detect or locate tags.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5287147\" data-id=\"5287147\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf360d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf360d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b79745d\" data-id=\"b79745d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44cd6ee elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44cd6ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Components<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2405e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2405e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78ae56f\" data-id=\"78ae56f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0159d3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0159d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A BLE system consists of the following elements:<\/p><ul><li><b>TAG<\/b> - a tag is any active radiofrequency device that in classic BLE and AoA systems transmits data to the gateway, while receiving in AoD systems. In the former case, tags can be beacons - bracelets or plates  - while in the latter they can be smartphones and devices that can process data. Every tag is uniquely identified by a unique code and can be integrated with built-in sensors and buttons.<\/li><li><b>Anchor (or gateway or locator)<\/b> - it is the component that in classic BLE and AoA receives data from the tag, while receiving in AoD. They can integrate a single BLE antenna or an antenna array (AoA\/AoD).<\/li><li><b>Location server<\/b> - it is the software that processes the collected data to detect the tags and evaluates the trilateration, relying on different algorithms based on the BLE system.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd48788 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd48788\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-567836c\" data-id=\"567836c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba5f5c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba5f5c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">RTLS with Bluetooth LE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ac7c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03ac7c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">One of the mail advantages of BLE technology is the implementation of<strong> Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS)<\/strong> and the possibility to locate tags within a certain precision range.<\/p><p class=\" translation-block\">The most common method for location is trilateration of the signal of at least 3 gateways, that must be placed in a specific geometry. The quantity that is processed is the <strong>strength of the signal (RSSI)<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\" translation-block\">The most innovative location BLE technology is <strong>AoA <\/strong>(and AoD), that allows to <strong>evaluate the direction line<\/strong> with respect to the anchor, on which the tag can be found. The intersection of lines processed by different gateways allow to obtain a fairly accurate point in space, with a higher precision compared to that of RSSI method. There are two possible configurations for AoA,  based on the antenna array geometry in the gateway:<\/p><div><ol><li><strong>ULA (Uniform Linear Array \u2013 1D)<\/strong>: antenna are placed in a linear arrangement;<\/li><li><strong>URA (Uniform Rectangular Array \u2013 2D)<\/strong>: antennas are placed in a bidimensional matrix.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1baea32\" data-id=\"1baea32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f862de9 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f862de9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4188faa\" data-id=\"4188faa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f53f72 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f53f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types of RTLS with BLE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1bbf87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1bbf87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">RSSI trilateration and direction evaluation with AoA are widely applied methods for <strong>bulk tracking<\/strong>, while AoD is ideal for location and indoor navigation applications. Therefore, we will take the first two into consideration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fef5626 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fef5626\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd1f402\" data-id=\"cd1f402\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ad3ef elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16ad3ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">RSSI<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53cbc30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53cbc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">A <strong>trilateration algorithm<\/strong> allows to locate the beacon with a maximum precision of about 3m (increasing the precision is hard due to reflection of the signal). To do so, RSSI from at least 3 gateways is processed so that the distance from the anchors can be evaluated.<\/p><p><strong>PROs:<\/strong> Integrating classic BLE gateways and processing RSSI data is much cheaper than using AoA.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>CONs:<\/strong> RSSI is very sensitive to multipath fading, which is a consequence of interference and reflection with objects in the environment, and to tags orientation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dabdbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dabdbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb07295\" data-id=\"bb07295\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1f8095 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1f8095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AoA<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af7f474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af7f474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">Calculating the direction of the ray gateway\/tag, a <strong>much more precise location<\/strong> can be obtained. Since Time-of-Flight - ToF - cannot be evaluated with BLE, a pure sine signal called CTE (Constant Tone Extension) is added to the modulated one, that lasts about 16 \u00b5s \u2013 160 \u00b5s. The gateways elaborates the CTE and calculate the azimuth angle of the signal, and therefore, the <strong>direction where the tag can be found<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\" translation-block\">If the gateway is ULA, it can only evaluate the azimuth angle (and therefore the direction of the ray gateway\/tag), while if it is URA, it can evaluate <strong>both the azimuth angle and the elevation<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\" translation-block\"><strong>PROs:<\/strong> AoA can reach  <strong>0.3 m \u2013 1,5 m<\/strong> of  location precision, crossing signals from 2 or more AoA gateways.  It is less affected by the environment.<\/p><p><strong>CONs:<\/strong> it is a very expensive technology and the infrastructure density is higher than a RSSI-based RTLS. Furthermore, configuration is more difficult and requires maintenance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2aecd82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2aecd82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-98ec7c6\" data-id=\"98ec7c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619bf1c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"619bf1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AoD<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ae0746 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ae0746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Come i gateway AoA, i gateway Angle of Departure hanno un array di antenne che possono essere disposte in geometria lineare (ULA) o bidimensionale (URA). Ci\u00f2 che li distigue da\u00a0 AoA, \u00e8 che il processo di elaborazione \u00e8 invertito: nel AoD \u00e8 il gateway a trasmettere il CTE al tag, che potrebbe essere ad esempio uno smartphone e che si occupa calcolare l\u2019angolo di partenza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1934f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"1934f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"applicazioni\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>cos&#8217;\u00e8 BLE, come funziona e a cosa serve Tecnologia BLE Cos&#8217;\u00e8 la tecnologia BLE? Tra le tecnologie wireless che hanno rivoluzionato il mondo del tracking e della gestione dei flussi, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8209","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La tecnologia BLE | EasyRFID<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scopri la tecnologia BLE, come funziona e quali sono le sue potenzialit\u00e0 come alternativa o in affiancamento al RFID.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.easyrfid.it\/en\/ble-technology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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